//
// Gendarme.Rules.Performance.AvoidLargeStructureRule
//
// Authors:
//	Sebastien Pouliot <sebastien@ximian.com>
//
// Copyright (C) 2008 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Globalization;

using Mono.Cecil;

using Gendarme.Framework;
using Gendarme.Framework.Rocks;

namespace Gendarme.Rules.Performance {

	/// <summary>
	/// This rule will fire if a value type (struct in C#) is larger than a maximum value
	/// (16 bytes by default). This is a problem because, unlike reference types, value
	/// types are bitwise-copied whenever they are assigned to a variable or passed to
	/// a method. If the type 
	/// cannot be reduced in size then it should be 
	/// turned into a reference type (class in C#).
	/// </summary>
	/// <example>
	/// Bad example:
	/// <code>
	/// public struct BigArgb {
	///	long a, r, g, b;
	/// }
	/// </code>
	/// </example>
	/// <example>
	/// Good example:
	/// <code>
	/// public sealed class BigArgb {
	///	long a, r, g, b;
	/// }
	/// </code>
	/// </example>
	/// <remarks>This rule is available since Gendarme 2.0</remarks>

	[Problem ("This structure is larger than the recommended size (16 bytes) which can degrade performance.")]
	[Solution ("Try to reduce the struct size or change it into a class.")]
	public class AvoidLargeStructureRule : Rule, ITypeRule {

		private const int MaximumRecommendedSize = 16;
		private const int DefaultPaddingSize = 8;

		// actually we should use IntPtr.Size but that would make the rule
		// return different results on 64 bits systems
		private const int ReferenceSize = 4;

		static Dictionary<string, int> Primitives = new Dictionary<string, int> (14) {
			{ "Byte", 1 },
			{ "SByte", 1 },
			{ "Boolean", 1 },
			{ "Int16", 2 },
			{ "UInt16", 2 },
			{ "Char", 2 },
			{ "Int32", 4 },
			{ "UInt32", 4 },
			{ "Single", 4 },
			{ "Int64", 8 },
			{ "UInt64", 8 },
			{ "Double", 8 },
			{ "IntPtr", ReferenceSize },	// so rule return the same results
			{ "UIntPtr", ReferenceSize },	// on 32 and 64 bits architectures
		};

		private int max_size = MaximumRecommendedSize;
		private int medium_severity_limit;
		private int high_severity_limit;
		private int critical_severity_limit;

		public override void Initialize (IRunner runner)
		{
			base.Initialize (runner);
			
			medium_severity_limit = max_size * 2;
			high_severity_limit = max_size * 4;
			critical_severity_limit = max_size * 16;
		}
		
		/// <summary>The maximum size structs may be without a defect.</summary>
		/// <remarks>Defaults to 16 bytes.</remarks>
		[DefaultValue (MaximumRecommendedSize)]
		[Description ("The maximum size structs may be without a defect.")]
		public int MaxSize {
			get { return max_size; }
			set {
				if (value <= 0)
					throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("MaxSize", "Must be positive");
				max_size = value;
			}
		}

		private static long SizeOfEnum (TypeDefinition type)
		{
			foreach (FieldDefinition field in type.Fields) {
				// we looking for the special value__
				// padding, if required, will be computed by caller
				if (!field.IsStatic)
					return SizeOf (field.FieldType);
			}
			return 4; // Int32 size
		}

		// Note: Needs to be public since this is being tested by our unit tests
		public static long SizeOfStruct (TypeDefinition type)
		{
			if (type == null)
				return 0;

			long total = 0;
			long largest = ReferenceSize;
			foreach (FieldDefinition field in type.Fields) {
				// static fields do not count
				if (field.IsStatic)
					continue;

				// add size of the type
				long size = SizeOf (field.FieldType);

				// would this be aligned correctly
				if (size > 1) {
					long align = Math.Min (ReferenceSize, size);
					if (total % align != 0)
						size += (align - total % align);
				}

				total += size;

				if (largest < size)
					largest = Math.Min (size, DefaultPaddingSize);
			}

			// minimal size, even for an empty struct, is one byte
			if (total == 0)
				return 1;
			if (total < ReferenceSize)
				return total;

			long remainder = (total % ReferenceSize);
			if (remainder != 0)
				total += (largest - remainder);

			return total;
		}

		private static long SizeOf (TypeReference type)
		{
			if (!type.IsValueType || type.IsArray)
				return ReferenceSize;

			// list based on Type.IsPrimitive
			if (type.Namespace == "System") {
				int size;
				if (Primitives.TryGetValue (type.Name, out size))
					return (long) size;
			}

			TypeDefinition td = type.Resolve ();
			// we don't know enough about the type so we assume it's a reference
			if (td == null)
				return ReferenceSize;

			if (td.IsEnum)
				return SizeOfEnum (td);

			return SizeOfStruct (td);
		}

		public RuleResult CheckType (TypeDefinition type)
		{
			// we only check value types not generated by tools (including the compiler)
			// we also exclude enums since they cannot be larger than 64 bits (8 bytes)
			if (!type.IsValueType || type.IsEnum || type.IsGeneratedCode ())
				return RuleResult.DoesNotApply;

			// rule applies

			long size = SizeOfStruct (type);
			if (size <= max_size)
				return RuleResult.Success;

			// here we compute severity based on the actual struct size
			Severity severity = Severity.Low;
			if (size > critical_severity_limit)
				severity = Severity.Critical;
			else if (size > high_severity_limit)
				severity = Severity.High;
			else if (size > medium_severity_limit)
				severity = Severity.Medium;

			string text = String.Format (CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "Structure size is {0} bytes.", size);
			Runner.Report (type, severity, Confidence.High, text);
			return RuleResult.Failure;
		}
	}
}